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| Pepper (Piper nigrum ) |
Pepper (Piper nigrum ) is an aromatic herb of the family Piperaceae , which has over 2,000 species and whose fruit , the alkaloids pipetina , spicy pepper okusa. Stem is a woody clambering up to 10m high . Tiny leaves are arranged in a 10 cm long shoots from 50 to 150 flowers . After fertilization usually bisexual flowers , fruit ripening and to do twice a year. One plant produces up to 30 years. Pepper originated in India 1,000 years ago and the growing spread in tropical regions of Southeast Asia . It is cultivated in tropical regions of Africa and the Americas. Belongs to the oldest spices ( about 6000 years). Many have called him the king of spices. The largest exporters of pepper today as Vietnam ,Indonesia , India , Brazil and Malaysia .
In Europe, the caravan arrived in the ancient times and was regarded as the gold . In 1498-th Vasco de Gama was able to transport the boat from India . As pepper spice fruit of the plant is used, which is in the form of small grains. They use many types of pepper, a species differ in the way of preparing beans in preparation for the market. The most commonly used type is finely minced , but also grain. Use for sauces , marinades , and in general to improve the taste of all savory dishes. One of the oldest known spices in the human diet .
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| Pepper (Piper nigrum ) |
Pepper is one of the most important spices. In today's world is probably the most widespread. The term refers to pepper - black pepper . Obtained by the grain diameter of about 5 mm picked unripe , and when they start to red, hold for ten minutes in hot water. Then to drain , and the color they change to dark brown or black . Then dried in the sun 3-4 days. Other species are white , green , red , gray and pink pepper . Pepper is rich in alkaloids , and its spicy taste is thanks to the alkaloids piperine , piperettine , piperylinu and chavicinu . White pepper contains about 2.5% essential oils , and green and black are up 4.8%. 50% of the grain makes cornstarch , to 6 % fat and flavonoid and glucose .
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| Pepper (Piper nigrum ) |
Pepper is a universal spice and is used in almost all dishes with distinctive taste. In many recipes it says: add salt and pepper to taste. It is best to use pepper , and white , milled directly into the food. White pepper hasn't got such an intense aroma as black , and does not change the flavor of food. This rule is more pronounced while grinding pepper in hot dishes , such as a clear soup . Although the pepper is very tough it is easy to grind . In preparation of cooked dishes , add it in little quantity before the end of cooking. For sauces , such as bechamel sauce, white pepper is recommended , because the black color changing colour of the sauce . Whole pepper corns are put in soups and marinades, chopped is best for grilled meats and uncooked vegetables, freshly ground is best for salads and cooked food. Pepper goes well with garlic , peppers and red onion . In the kitchens of the far East they like a combination of pepper and cinnamon . Pepper is often present in spice mixtures for sausages and pickling vegetables.
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| Pepper (Piper nigrum ) |
There are four kinds of pepper - black, white , red and green pepper . Black and white pepper are derived from the same plant . Black emerges from the green berries which during the drying change colour to black-brown and wrinkled . Black pepper is commonly harvested immature or just before ripening , drying in the sun and it becomes dark and tough. To obtain white pepper you must harvest red, almost ripe berries , which are then wet so you can strip the membrane , and then dry . You can also found skinned black pepper, known as light pepper . Black pepper has a keen and sharp flavor , derived from the alkaloid piperine . Piperine , depending on the type of pepper , is represented by only five to ten percent , and the smell of pepper comes from the characteristic essential oil. Green pepper is obtained by picking pepper corns before ripening. Still fresh , floods in salt water, dried at high temperatures or freeze , in order to preserve the green color. Red pepper is fully ripe , the fruit of their skins . To preserve the color it is processed in the same way as green pepper. Beside all these ingredients , pepper contains starch resin and fatty oils . Pepper is the best grind just before use because once pulverized quickly loses flavor. It is best to grind small hand mills , which completely keep aroma and hotness in a mixture of all four species. Used to supplement fish dishes , pickling cabbage , all kinds of meat , sausage, spicy cheese , it is available in many mixed spices , and made its presence felt in the manufacture of perfume. Red pepper berries are aromatic and angry . Recently experiencing great popularity Jamaican pepper , whose scent is a mixture of pepper, nutmeg , cinnamon and cloves .
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| Pepper (Piper nigrum ) |
