Chilli Peppers ( Chilli )

 Chilli peppers ( Chilli )

  
       Chili ( chilli ) is the fruit of various tropical species peppers ( including some varieties of our famous homemade pepper ) with very small fruits that are dried and ground into a powder . Chillies are only 4 cm long , color yellow, green, orange or red , and above all have a hot taste . When the pods are dry and grind receives a cayenne pepper . Name of chili comes from the Spanish word for this type of Chile peppers , since the Spaniards brought to Europe during Columbus' voyage. Patchwork name stems from the time when the chili brought from a Portuguese and Spanish colonies in South America, Inidiji and Africa , where it is still cultivated. Chili peppers belong to the Capsicum family . There are hundreds of species that can be varied in shape, size , color, taste and spiciness , usually red or green. The most popular varieties include cayenne, habanero , chipotle , jalapeno , anaheim , ancho , Hungarian paprika . Only in Mexico, there are more than 150 Jalapenos and banana chilli, which is sometimes called the Hungarian wax peppers are medium hot and juicy . Poblanosi also mean angry , but their meat is so juicy, while the Serranos angry and less juicy . Chili peppers are used as food , spice , and are appreciated because of its medicinal effects .

 Chilli Peppers ( Chilli )

        Chili pepper ( cayenne or cayenne ) - Capsicum frutescens - is a shrub whose mature fruits are extremely red. Originating from South America , but is now mostly grown in Asia. Although most people think of red , Spanish chili pepper, there are a lot of sub- chili peppers, various sizes and colors. Even ordinary peppers belong to this family . Chili is extremely sharp taste , and twenty times stronger than regular hot pepper . The flavor , however, less aromatic and spicy , much paler color . Dander chili peppers comes from a compound called capsaicin , but other than him, and contains high-quality carotenoids, vitamins A and C , and flavoniode.Glavni ingredient that gives specific anger is capsaicin , a substance that has been shown to lower blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the blood, prevent clotting blood , strengthens the immune system and has aphrodisiac , anti-bacterial and anti-fungal properties.

 Chilli Peppers ( Chilli )

        The degree of spiciness is expressed in the so-called . Scoville units ( SHU ) . Common pepper has zero SHU , Jalapeno peppers 3000-6000 , while the hottest known chili pepper Jolokia , which is grown in Bangladesh , Northeast Asia and Sri Lanka, and has over 1 SHU milijun.Upotrebljava for salad vegetable dishes , spicy sauce , prayer , in addition to cow's cheese, stews peppers and beans , and important ingredient of the popular Mexican dishes Chili con carne . The energy content of 100 g red chilli peppers is 40 kcal / 166 kJ . Of this 8.8% carbohydrate , 1.87 % protein and 0.4 % fat. Chili peppers contain a variety of minerals , but in quantities below 10 % RDA . Since vitamin is an excellent source of vitamin C ( 143.7 mg which makes 240 % RDA ) and a good source of vitamin K (14 mg which makes 14% of RDA) . Within 100 g chillies located and 1.5 g dietary fiber, 534 mg of beta-carotene , 709 mg of lutein and zeaxanthin .

        American natives since ancient times using chili peppers as a medicine. It is used in Indian Ayurveda and Chinese , Japanese and Korean medicine, to help with digestive problems , to stimulate appetite, muscle pain and frostbite. In Europe and America used preparations for external use - salve, gels and wraps, to reduce pain associated with osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, pain in muscles and joints and to improve circulation Capsaicin lowers the temperature , affecting the brain's center for regulation of body temperature . For this reason, in the tropical and subtropical regions people consume cayenne pepper because it helps them to easily withstand the heat.

 Chilli Peppers ( Chilli )

        In outdoor shows strong analgesic effect , relieves pain by destroying the so-called . " Compound P " located in the nerve cells and is responsible for transmission of pain sensation to the brain. This effect is temporary . Chili pepper stimulates blood circulation , lowers blood pressure and cholesterol levels in the blood. Tincture of chili peppers is an effective first aid for a heart attack and bleeding. One teaspoon ( 15 drops ) tincture is diluted in a glass of warm water and a patient every 15 minutes , until the situation calms down . Daily use of tincture strengthens the heart and reduces the risk of heart attack. Digestive , and is used as a means to calm indigestion . Causes sweating , which helps treat colds , sinus problems and fever. Promotes expulsion of mucus from the lungs. Capsaicin soothes migraine and rheumatoid arthritis . Used as a wrap , chili peppers reduce pain in the lower kralježice .

        Capsaicin and other ingredients chili peppers act on : reducing aggregation ( aggregation) of platelets , diabetic neuropathy, post-operative pain ( mastectomy - removal of the breast or amputation ) , muscle pain caused by fibromyalgia , pain caused by Raynaud's disease , the pain of herpes zoster ( neuralgia ) and etc. Although undoubtedly help , creams and gels that contain capsaicin can not cure the primary disease , but only to facilitate state ! Given that the chili pepper extremely irritating , always follow the instructions and do not apply the cream or gel on the affected skin , wounds or mucous membranes. Capsaicin is one of the main ingredients for self-defense sprays . Capsaicin is repellent , and is used in the media against ants and cockroaches . According to some sources, chili pepper helps burn fat . Outdoor use , in the form of gels , balms and lining soothes skin problems and itching in psoriasis .

 Chilli Peppers ( Chilli )

Pepper (Piper nigrum )

Pepper (Piper nigrum )

    Pepper (Piper nigrum ) is an aromatic herb of the family Piperaceae , which has over 2,000 species and whose fruit , the alkaloids pipetina , spicy pepper okusa. Stem is a woody clambering up to 10m high . Tiny leaves are arranged in a 10 cm long shoots from 50 to 150 flowers . After fertilization usually bisexual flowers , fruit ripening and to do twice a year. One plant produces up to 30 years. Pepper originated in India 1,000 years ago and the growing spread in tropical regions of Southeast Asia . It is cultivated in tropical regions of Africa and the Americas. Belongs to the oldest spices ( about 6000 years). Many have called him the king of spices. The largest exporters of pepper today as Vietnam ,Indonesia , India , Brazil and Malaysia .

        In Europe, the caravan arrived in the ancient times and was regarded as the gold . In 1498-th Vasco de Gama was able to transport the boat from India . As pepper spice fruit of the plant is used, which is in the form of small grains. They use many types of pepper, a species differ in the way of preparing beans in preparation for the market. The most commonly used type is finely minced , but also grain. Use for sauces , marinades , and in general to improve the taste of all savory dishes. One of the oldest known spices in the human diet .

Pepper (Piper nigrum )

        Pepper is one of the most important spices. In today's world is probably the most widespread. The term refers to pepper - black pepper . Obtained by the grain diameter of about 5 mm picked unripe , and when they start to red, hold for ten minutes in hot water. Then to drain , and the color they change to dark brown or black . Then dried in the sun 3-4 days. Other species are white , green , red , gray and pink pepper . Pepper is rich in alkaloids , and its spicy taste is thanks to the alkaloids piperine , piperettine , piperylinu and chavicinu . White pepper contains about 2.5% essential oils , and green and black are up 4.8%. 50% of the grain makes cornstarch , to 6 % fat and flavonoid and glucose .

Pepper (Piper nigrum )

        Pepper is a universal spice and is used in almost all dishes with distinctive taste. In many recipes it says: add salt and pepper to taste. It is best to use pepper , and white , milled directly into the food. White pepper hasn't got such an intense aroma as black , and does not change the flavor of food. This rule is more pronounced while grinding pepper in hot dishes , such as a clear soup . Although the pepper is very tough it is easy to grind . In preparation of cooked dishes , add it in little quantity before the end of cooking. For sauces , such as bechamel sauce, white pepper is recommended , because the black color changing colour of the sauce . Whole pepper corns are put in soups and marinades, chopped is best for grilled meats and uncooked vegetables, freshly ground is best for salads and cooked food. Pepper goes well with garlic , peppers and red onion . In the kitchens of the far East they like a combination of pepper and cinnamon . Pepper is often present in spice mixtures for sausages and pickling vegetables.

Pepper (Piper nigrum )

        There are four kinds of pepper - black, white , red and green pepper . Black and white pepper are derived from the same plant . Black emerges from the green berries which during the drying change colour to black-brown and wrinkled . Black pepper is commonly harvested immature or just before ripening , drying in the sun and it becomes dark and tough. To obtain white pepper you must harvest red, almost ripe berries , which are then wet so you can strip the membrane , and then dry . You can also found skinned black pepper, known as light pepper . Black pepper has a keen and sharp flavor , derived from the alkaloid piperine . Piperine , depending on the type of pepper , is represented by only five to ten percent , and the smell of pepper comes from the characteristic essential oil. Green pepper is obtained by picking pepper corns before ripening. Still fresh , floods in salt water, dried at high temperatures or freeze , in order to preserve the green color. Red pepper is fully ripe , the fruit of their skins . To preserve the color it is processed in the same way as green pepper. Beside all these ingredients , pepper contains starch resin and fatty oils . Pepper is the best grind just before use because once pulverized quickly loses flavor. It is best to grind small hand mills , which completely keep aroma and hotness in a mixture of all four species. Used to supplement fish dishes , pickling cabbage , all kinds of meat , sausage, spicy cheese , it is available in many mixed spices , and made ​​its presence felt in the manufacture of perfume. Red pepper berries are aromatic and angry . Recently experiencing great popularity Jamaican pepper , whose scent is a mixture of pepper, nutmeg , cinnamon and cloves .

Pepper (Piper nigrum )

Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis)

Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis)

         What is Rosemary ? (Rosmarinus officinalis) It name derives from the Latin ros (dew) and marinus (sea), or "sea dew", suggesting that its growth is very favorable breeze from the sea, which brings moisture. Rosemary plant is a bushy evergreen plant with needle leaves and fragile light blue flowers. Needle leaves intense aroma and spicy bitter, pungent and bitter taste. It is used for flavoring vegetables and meat dishes. Rosemary bush stimulates circulation and blood flow to the brain, thus improving concentration and cures headaches.

        The leaves are opposite, sessile, thick, leathery, very narrow, and 2-3 cm long. The upper side of the leaf is dark green, and the bottom is a gray-white color and slightly tomentose. Between the branches, develop whorls on a small pedicle tiny purple blue flowers. Rosemary tree originates from the Mediterranean region, where it grows on soil rich in calcium, in a dry climate and salty sea air. Rosemary bush grows 1:00 to 3:00 meters in height. It is widespread in sunny areas and rocky Croatian coastal areas and islands. Often grown in gardens and flower pots, but it is very sensitive to frost, so ga in northern areas should be protected from the cold. Rosemary grows throughout the coastal areas of the Mediterranean, from Portugal to Asia Minor and the Black Sea. Today, it has spread throughout Europe, and is cultivated in the United States and Mexico.

Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis)

          Scent of flowers and flowering tops and twigs is strong camphor-like, while the rugged flavor, slightly bitter and aromatic. So cooking with rosemary is good. Rosemary loves the sun and rocky regions (calcium) and does not require a lot of moisture. Still does not like frost, so it should be suitably protected. Easily transplanted and does not require any special fertilizer, so it is almost an ideal plant for organic production so you should be planting rosemary if you can.

         Rosemary flowers, leaves and twigs contain volatile oils, whose quality depends on the climate and sunny and protected positions. More than a thousand years, is valued spice and natural remedy. Throughout history, the rosemary was a favorite plant. Greek students would put it on your head when you are preparing for exams. The reason is that the folk medicine believed, and still believe, that rosemary stimulates and strengthens memory. In old England, Rosemary was a symbol of fidelity, and from it emerged the custom to wear on the wedding adorns rosemary. Some of these properties science has proven and explained.

Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis)

         Used rosemary flowers (Flores rosmarini) shoots in flower (Herba Rosmarini), and usually gather leaves (Folia Rosmarini). The leaves are collected in the summer, cut off the branches and put to dry. Distillation of the leaves or twigs gets rosemary oil (Oleum Rosmarini). The flowers are in bloom and the plant are collected in April and May, and dried in the shade. With essential oil, rosemary contains resin, tannin, bitter substances and small amounts of saponin.

        Old belief that the scent of rosemary stimulates memory proved by scientists at the University of Cincinnati. Rosemary stimulates circulation and blood flow to the brain, thus improving concentration and cures headaches. So you could put a little rosemary flower pot on your desk or next to the place where your pupils to learn and just observe the results. Rosemary is located at the top of the list of foods that can help in the prevention and treatment of cancer. Studies show that the oil of rosemary may prevent the development of skin cancer, because it prevents the growth of skin tumors and provides natural protection from damage caused by the sun's harmful ultraviolet radiation. In experimental animals has been shown that rosemary oil can prevent the development of cancer of the colon and lung.

        Rosemary works well against bacteria (staphylococcus, streptococcus, E. coli) and antifungal (Candida). Not in vain Romans burned twigs in his time of great infestation. This plant has sedative, diuretic and antiseptic properties and is considered to be particularly effective in weakness and neuralgia. Herbalists use rosemary for fainting, which occurs because of a problem with the equilibrium system in the ear, nerve disease, mouthwash for bad breath and fever. Ingredients rosemary strengthen the immune system, and anti-inflammatory substances may relieve severe asthma attacks. Stimulatory effect of rosemary may improve liver function and secretion of gall bladder, which helps improve the general state of the organism.

Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis)

         Tea or wine from rosemary has been used to treat mental exhaustion, poor digestion, poor circulation, cleaning blood and pale, for the treatment of poor hearing and vision, and for facilitating excretion of urine. Alcoholic solution rosemary serves as a means to massage the muscle rheumatism, nerve pain, headaches, and mental and physical exhaustion. Rosemary cooked in goat's milk has been used as a cure for tuberculosis, and as a poultice was a cure for cancer. Oil is produced from the distillation of the leaves or twigs, is an integral part of  ROSEMARY fat and tincture for wounds. Rosemary was an unavoidable ingredient of humor Hungarian queen, the widespread medieval medicine, which is still in use today, and is attributed to Queen Elizabeth of Hungary, where he served for beauty and massage paralyzed limbs and gout, from which he suffered at the end of life of the queen. Researchers have shown that external application of oil of rosemary very effectively relieves pain in rheumatic diseases, however indoors oil causes problems with digestion and kidneys, and larger amounts can be toxic. It is therefore recommended that tea has a beneficial effect on muscle relaxation including those with digestive problems or menstrual cramps.

Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis)

         Rosemary is added to cosmetic products for hair strengthening, invigorating bath, a refreshing tonic. Dark hair can be brightened if the solution of rosemary added to the rinse water, to strengthen the hair can be added to shampoo or conditioner. A solution of rosemary can be used as a refreshing tonic for skin tightening. Rosemary added to the bath for a refreshing swim stronger and especially when recovering from illness. For revitalizing hair growth, loss prevention and formation of dandruff is recommended that a few drops of oil to massage into the scalp, then rinse with a solution of nettles.

        Bath of fragrant Mediterranean plants also features an antimicrobial properties. A few drops of rosemary essential oil mixed with coarse sea salt, are an excellent addition to swimming. Such baths stimulate the lymphatic system, enhance the secretion of fluids from the body, improve metabolism in tissues, and thus relieve pain in muscles and joints. List rosemary should not be used in people with gallstones and high blood pressure. Allergic reactions are rare, if they occur, should be discontinued therapy and prescribe an alternative. Avoid in pregnancy.

       Rosemary has many uses in the kitchen while his fierce taste like camphor does not suit some people. If used sparingly, is an excellent flavoring for soups, stewed vegetables, meats, all kinds of baking and soft raw. It is best to put a bunch of food, which is appropriate when the dish turns aromatic, remove. You can use leaves separated and finely chop and add to the cooked dish. Its use as a spice, especially in fattier meats and heavier sauces with olive oil and fish, says the wise observation of beneficial effects on the operation of the gall bladder.